Caffeine

Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, but — unlike many other psychoactive substances — it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.

Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is closely related chemically to the adenine and guanine contained in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia and confers on them several survival and reproductive benefits. The most well known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, a misnomer for the seed of Coffea plants. Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular; in 2005, 90% of North American adults consumed caffeine daily.

Wake

In fluid dynamics, a wake may either be:

or both.

Wake effects caused by viscosity

The wake is the region of disturbed flow (often turbulent) downstream of a solid body moving through a fluid, caused by the flow of the fluid around the body.

For a blunt body in subsonic external flow, for example the Apollo or Orion capsules during descent and landing, the wake is massively separated and behind the body is a reverse flow region where the flow is moving toward the body. This phenomenon is often observed in wind tunnel testing of aircraft, and is especially important when parachute systems are involved, because unless the parachute lines extend the canopy beyond the reverse flow region, the chute can fail to inflate and thus collapse. Parachutes deployed into wakes suffer dynamic pressure deficits which reduce their expected drag forces. High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations are often undertaken to model wake flows, although such modeling has uncertainties associated with turbulence modeling (for example RANS versus LES implementations), in addition to unsteady flow effects. Example applications include rocket stage separation and aircraft store separation.

Wake (surname)

Wake is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Wake (2016 film)

Wake is a cancelled American action thriller film written by Christopher Borrelli. The film stars Ben Kingsley, Piper Perabo, Cameron Monaghan and Ellen Burstyn. Filming began on February 16, 2015 in Cleveland, which halted on February 26 due to financial issues. It was then expected to resume production in 2-3 weeks, but it was postponed for an indefinite time after actor Bruce Willis and director John Pogue left the film due to financing and scheduling issues.

Plot

Red Forrester returns to his childhood home on a remote island to his very family after years of being banished by his family.

Cast

Production

The project was first announced by Deadline in December 2014 that John Pogue would direct the action film Wake based on the script by Christopher Borrelli, which Benaroya Pictures would produce along with Exclusive Media, DMG, and Circle of Confusion. On January 14, 2015, Bruce Willis was set to star for the lead role to play a sociopath Red Forrester, who returns to his childhood home on a remote island for his brother's wake. On February 6, Ben Kingsley also joined the cast of the film. On February 20, Piper Perabo was set to play the role of Claire Forrester, the dead man's widow who is also a Red's former lover.Cameron Monaghan and Ellen Burstyn would also be starring in the film.

UPS Airlines Flight 6

UPS Airlines Flight 6 was a cargo flight operated by UPS Airlines. On September 3, 2010, a Boeing 747-400 flying the route between Dubai International Airport and Cologne Bonn Airport developed an in-flight fire, with the fumes and subsequent crash resulting in the death of the two crewmembers. The aircraft had departed Dubai International earlier, but returned after reporting smoke in the cockpit. It was the first fatal air crash for UPS Airlines. The crash caused an examination of safety procedures protecting airliners from cockpit smoke.

Involved

Aircraft

The aircraft involved in the accident was a Boeing 747-400F, registered N571UP and was delivered to UPS Airlines in 2007. It had flown for more than 10,000 hours, and had a major inspection performed in June 2010. Before the crash, it was among the newest (#1,393 of 1,418; the 26th from the last) Boeing 747s built before 747-8 series.

Flight crew

The captain, 48-year-old Douglas Lampe of Louisville, Kentucky, and the first officer, 38-year-old Matthew Bell from Sanford, Florida. Both crew members were based in UPS's Anchorage, Alaska pilot base.